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--- sources:articles:jewish_farmers_in_belarus_during_the_1920s [2013/10/18 21:58] – Jon Jaroker
+++ sources:articles:jewish_farmers_in_belarus_during_the_1920s [2023/03/04 21:57] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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+===== Notes =====
+==== History ====
+  * Jews enter Belarus in late 14th centure with permission of Vitovt, Prince of the Great Kingdom of Lithuania.
+    * Immigrated from Western Europe, mostly Germany and Poland
+  * 1917 Russian revolution. Civil war and pogroms take place; result in Jews supporting Bolshevik Party
+    * Jews attempt to emigrate. Civil war stopped emigration.
+  * New Economic Policy
+    * abolition of private trade; restrictions on small artisans.  Depriving rights (Lishentsy), "persons without any definite kind of occupation"
+    * Former Jewish merchants, dealers, trademen, shopkeepers, mediators, melameds (teachers), craftsmen, handicraft workers
+    * These Jews lived with the help of remitances from abroad
+  * Soviets try to solve Jewish poverty by allowing them to be farmers
+    * Insufficient land in Belarus to add Jewish farmers.
+    * Therefore, it was necessary to "evict" all Jews who wanted to be farmers
+    * Early Jewish collective farms created naturally between 1918-1920.  Founded by groups of workers, craftsmen, petty merchants, dealers and shopkeepers to save themselves from famine
+    * In 1921, new Jewish collective farms stopped
+    * Between 1924-1925, 80 Jewish collective farms created in BSSR
+  * Aid for Jewish farming came from
+    * American-Jewish United Agricultural Corporation (Agrojoint)
+    * Society for Spreading Farming and Handicraft amoung Jews
+    * Jewish Colonial Society
+    * Resettlement of one Jewish family cost between 1800-2200 rubles
+  * Jews were over 20% of the Belarus Communist Party, but never more than 10% of the population.
+==== Commerce ====
+  * Jews living in cities and towns interacted with the villare and rural economies
+    * trade in the forest industries
+    * leather industries
+    * Peddling village produce (flax, hemp and bristles) in the city
+    * agriculture
+  * After Revolution, high unemployment
+    * Blacksmiths were better off
+    * Tanners, dressmakers, tailors, shoemakers and others were jobless