Yurevichi, Belarus

Rechitsa Uyezd, Minsk Gubernia

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sources:tvb:start [2013/10/05 15:44] – created Jon Jarokersources:tvb:start [2023/03/04 21:57] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-====== Гарады і вёскі Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя - Towns and villages in Belarus: An Encyclopedia ======+====== Гарады і вёскі Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя - Towns and Villages in Belarus: An Encyclopedia ======
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-===== Page 581 - Юравічы =====+===== Page 581-583 - Юравічы =====
  
 +==== Geography ====
 +
 +  * Yurevichi is located 167.5m above sea level
 +  * Marina on River Pripyat about 1km away
 +
 +==== History ====
 +
 +=== Antiquity ===
 +
 +  * Site of iron age settlement
 +
 +=== Medieval Period ===
 +
 +  * Tartar and Mongol raids around 1240 burned down a fortified castle that stood in this area.
 +  * Early city may have been called Vidolichy (Вiдолiчы) or Mezhymostse (Межымосце)
 +
 +=== Modern Period ===
 +
 +  * In 1510, King Sigismund I the Elder ([[http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_I|Жыгiмонт I Cтары]]) gives "for eternity" the village of Yurovichi to his official Bogdan Serbinavu (Багдану Сербiнаву)
 +  * Jesuits arrive in second-half of the 17th century. Wooden monastery built c.1673.  Two-story stone monastery later built in 1700s.
 +  * King John III Sobieski ([[wp>John_III_Sobieski|каролъ Ян III Сабескi]]) issues charter for Yurevichi town in 1683.
 +  * November 1920 pogrom led by [[wp>Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz|Bułak-Bałachowicz (банды Булак-Балаховіча)]] "gang" killed 18 "people"
 +  * Orphanage opens in 1928
 +  * In 1936, a folk choir is formed and becomes widely known
 +  * "Belorussian Patriotic War"
 +    * April 1943 guerrillas defeat the stronghold that the Germans created in the town. Fighting around the village killed 312 soldiers, who were burried in a mass grave.
 +    * 188 Yurevichi residents killed on the front lines and partisan struggle. An obelisk memorial erected in 1967.
 +
 +==== Population ====
 +
 +The population figures are for "двор", which comprises an extended family, residential building, stables, farm animals and equipment.  We will refer to "двор" as "homestead".
 +
 +  * 1834: 
 +    * Town: 66 homesteads (двор)
 +    * Village: 51 homesteads 
 +  * 1848: 115 homesteads 
 +  * 1866: 134 homesteads 
 +  * 1897((References 1897 Census))
 +    * Town: 201 homesteads , 1320 people
 +    * Village: 108 homesteads and 600 people
 +  * 1930
 +    * Town: Yurevichi-1 and Yurevichi-2: 300 homesteads, 1537 residents
 +    * Village: 114 homesteads, 463 residents
 +  * 1939: 2546 residents
 +
 +==== Schools ====
 +
 +  * 1865 Men's technical college (народны вучылiшча), built by Boguslaw Askerko. There are 45 students in 1885.
 +  * 1875 Woman's trade school (Дзейнiчала жаночае вучылiшча), built by Boguslaw Askerko, opens.  There are 25 pupils by 1885.
 +  * 1897 Census 
 +    * Town: 2 religious schools (малітоўныя школы)
 +    * Village: 2 town schools (народны вучылішчы)
 +  * 1935 Original town schools now have 7 grades with 504 pupils
 +
 +==== Gentry ====
 +
 +  * Boguslaw Askerko (Багуслаў Аскерка) - Fiefdom lord who gave money in 1866 to rebuild Jesuit church in Orthodox style, 1865 to found a men's technical college and 1875 to found a women's trade school.
 +  * Bakunenka (Бакуненка) - Estate owner who owned 3590 desyatina (дзесяціна зямлi)((Measurement of land equivalent to 2.7 acres)) and horse-powered grain mill
 +
 +==== Commerce ====
 +  * Late 1800s: Farming, trading of crafts including pottery
 +    * Askerko was a major landlord with serfs working on his estate
 +  * 1897((References 1897 Census))
 +    * Town: 40 shops (лавак), 4 tanneries (майстэрні па апрацоўцы скуры), 2 taverns (карчмы)
 +    * Village: Postal telegraph office, pharmacy, bakery or bread store (хлебазапасны магазін), 2 windmills (ветракі), horse farm (конны млын) and tavern (карчма). A farm named Yurovichi was nearby.
 +  * 1930 Collectives "Red Banner" (Чырвоны Сцяг) and "Drummer" (Ударнік)
 +    * Brick and pottery
 +    * Blacksmith
 +    * Shoemaker
 +    * Sheepskin cooperative
 +    * Steam and windmills
 +    * 2 forges
 +    * "Kruparushka" (крупарушка)((A coarse-grind grain mill for the production of porridge from cereals, such as kasha from buckwheat))
sources/tvb/start.1381002272.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/03/04 21:57 (external edit)

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