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--- sources:websites:kalinkovichisky_news:09-27-2012 [2013/10/29 10:59] – Jon Jaroker
+++ sources:websites:kalinkovichisky_news:09-27-2012 [2023/03/04 21:57] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 Byelorussian school doesn’t have toilet, hot water and washstands. There is a lack of coat racks.
 Jewish school doesn’t have toilet, there is no separate room for coat racks, that’s why children should leave their's coats in the classrooms. Classrooms are very small and ot is very difficult to accommodate all of the pupils here. Moreover, there is no hot water.
 Polish school also doesn’t have toilet. There is no hot water and washstands. There is a lack of coat racks, clothes lie on the benchs. Windows are small, so it is too dark in the classrooms.
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+===== Medical Aid Assessment =====
+At 5 February 1930 okrug health care inspector Harlap inspects Yurevichi hospital. He came to the conclusion, that “After overhauling the hospital and outpatient department sanitation facilities are satisfactory. The hospital has equipment, necessary tools; autoclave was bought. All of these led to the hospital performance improvement.
+patients (727 patient days) got medical aid in hospital during 1929. At average every patient spent 6.4 patient days in hospital. It means that patients don’t spend too much time in hospital and its carrying capacity is satisfactory. Bed’s downtime is only 12.9% days in the year. But it should be taken into account that hospital was under reconstruction during 4 months (September - December).
+There were 7116 visits to outpatient department during 1929, or 57 patients per day. It means that outpatient department isn’t overloaded.
+During the provision of medical services doctors finds out patient’s social position but don’t diversify them on the poor, the peasants of average means and the kulaks. All of them are mentioned in the documents as “peasants”.
+The insured patients are served out of turn in the outpatient department, but special service of evening patient reception does not organized.
+Home health service is organized as on-call maintenance. The insured patient can choose any doctor he wants; there are no any special rules.
+Kolkhozy are served by periodical doctor’s visits which are mostly caused by medical (not preventive) issues. At average there are 3-4 visits per month.
+Besides these issues doctors visits the gravely sick persons 3-4 times per month. There are no special sanitation work plans for serving kolkhozy. Doctors don’t take part in creating construction programs, don’t assess kolkhozy’s buildings from the sanitation point of view. Educational activities are satisfactory but in the same time kolkholzniks are not teached to use first-aid kit.
+Labor discipline is satisfactory. Some nurses are late for a work but not very often.
+There is no appropriate doctors’ work schedule. During the round of surgeons doctor Kaminer doesn’t consult with another doctor. Every doctor sends the patients to Mozyr for special medical treatment independently. There are no consultations between doctors. At night any doctor can be called by a nurse due to the absence of the work schedule.
+Paramedical workers’ watching can last from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. There is only one nurse in hospital after 9 p.m. She has a flat here.
+The head of the hospital rarely take part in the reception of the patients.
+Reports about hospital and first-aid stations work aren’t made on the political meetings.
+Relations between doctors are unsatisfactory.
+Such situation isn’t the result of disagreements about professional issues. It was caused by selfish interests and was maintained by spreading rumors. Undoubtedly, it resulted in the declining of the medical services quality.
+The lack of the appropriate work schedule is one more reason of this”.
+Because of bad relations between personnel, doctor S.A. Sharynova turned to Yurevichi executive committee with the application in which she asked to let her to do out of service. The application was considered too much time, so she tried again. When Kaminer were in Minsk on the development of vocational competence in surgery from 19 April to 20 June, the conflict quieted down. Sharynova substituted him. But after his return the tensions were growing and Sharynova leaved her job.
+BSU medical department graduate I. Batvinnik sent application for a position of doctor at 6 August. She had worked as a school teacher in Kalinkovichi before. Kaminer made a report dated 1 November 1930 in which he stated that Yurevichi hospital personal numbers only 1 doctor, 1 dentist, 4 feldshers, 3 midwifes, 2 pharmaceutists, 2 nurses, 5 aid-women. He also reported that there should be 3 more doctors in hospital. Moreover, the contagious isolation ward on 12 beds was planned to be build in 1931, because local population suffered from infectious diseases: scarlatina, flu, measles and other.
+Unfortunately, there is no more information about the period between 1930 and 1941.
+Only names of some medical workers are known: nurses Pliavaka Zinaida Stsiapanauna, Tselesh Aliaksandra Fiodorauna, Iashchanka Anastasia Ivanauna, midwifes Pliavaka Ianina Auhustauna and Lytskevich Katsiaryna Michajlauna.
+During the war
+At the end of November, 1943 Yurevichi was liberated from national socialists, but the town was still near the battlefront (some kilometers from the line of the front) which stopped at the line Prydok – Grada. Nevertheless, the life in Yurevichi began to revive.
+One of the first institutions that started to work was the Yurevichi hospital. Kalinkavichi was still under the occupation. By order №1 dated 1 December 1944 Sharavar Nina Mikitsichna became acting head of Yurevichi hospital. She had 5-years experience in medical services.
+During January – February the next people were accepted for employment: nurses – Deichyk Katsiaryna Iakauleuna, Harchanka Maryia Vasileuna, Pliavaka Ianina Auhustauna, Tselesh Aliaksandra Fiodarauna, Miranovich Nelia Stsiapanauna, Tselesh Liubou Ivanauna; aid-women – Panhlish Iryna, Kananenka Maryia, Tselesh Ahafia, Davydchyk Alena, Makeichyk Natallia; midwife – Paskonnaia Paraska Tarasauna; cook – Koidan Pelaheia, stoker – Stoma Volha.
+Beginning from 2 February Hryshyna Volha Ivanauna was appointed on two month period on the position of the head of Yurevichi hospital by Council of People’s Health Commissars. Nina Sharavar was appointed on the position of the head nurse.
+Tsiarentseva Nina Andreeuna was accepted for employment on the position of ambulatory feldsher in April 1944. Lytskevich Maria Mihailauna was accepted for employment in the position of midwife in May 1944.
+Before August 1944 health services for local people were provided by detached doctors, who headed rural district hospital at the same time.
+Feldsher Nina Tsiarentseva was appointed on the position of the head of hospital and ambulatory department in 20 August. And only in 22 October she was replaced by doctor Yushkevich Vasil Andreevich. Staff changed constantly. For example, nurse Tselesh Lyubou entered Mozyr Feldsher School in May and left Yurevichi. Nurse Pliavaka Yanina graduated from midwife courses and took a position of a midwife. Tselesh Yauhenia Ryhorauna was appointed on the position of a health visitor in November, Kastenka Varka – on the position of an ambulatory disinfector.
+Health care workers conducted the receptions and examinations of patients, inoculated them, and took measures to prevent typhus. At the same time battlefront was very close. Yurevichi dwellers could hear gun cannonade till April 1944.
+It was the lack of drugs and medical tools. Health care workers sacrificed themselves. During the aiding for patients they often got the infection from their patients. But there was even worse thing. Doctors very often became the victims of false accusation. For example, NKVD arrested Yurevichi hospital chief physician Yushkevich in 1 June 1945. It is difficult to say what has happened. But at 3 August doctor Vaser Faina Siamenauna who took place of Yushkevich imposed an order, in which was stated: “In accordance with regional health committee instructions and Yushkevich Uladzimir Andreevich application, he is considered to be on leave from 1 August till 1 September 1945”.
+Fortunately, Yushkevich returned at 1 September and continued his work in hospital. Vaser V.S. returned on her previous workplace in Autsyukovichi health locality.
+===== Nadzeia Tselesh =====
+Front-line nurse Kupryenka Nadzeia Haurylauna was appointed on the position of a Yurevichi hospital nurse after her demobilization in 1 December 1945.
+Her life was very difficult. She was born in the Abuhauschyna village in 1917. At the beginning of 1930th her parents moved to Yurevichi. Nadzeia entered an evening school here. She had a large family, so she needs to work. Nadzeia worked in the kolkhoz fields. She was an agile, small, vivacious girl and it helped her to do her work well. Quickly she became work team leader and then thanks to intellect and sharpness she became an accountant. In 1989 she said: “In spite of the fact that I worked and studied in the same time, I earned 250 workdays per year and moreover, I had time to have fun”.
+In 1936 Nadzeia graduated from 7-year school and entered midwife courses in Mozyr medical school. After one year she got a diploma in nursing and was placed on a job in Lamavichi village in Aktsibrski region.
+Village first-aid station was in a small old house. Here were no doctor; she was the only health worker in the village. But she was not afraid of difficulties. She cleaned the house and started to work.
+At the very beginning of the war she was called in Mozyr regional health committee. Immediately she was drafted and sent to the military base in Kozenki, near Mozyr. Military hospital was also situated here and many of her friends worked in this hospital: college mates and college teachers.
+After some time military hospital was moved in Kazelsk, Smolenskaya oblast. The reason was quick German attack. Here military hospital worked in full force. There were many injured, generally seriously wounded: without legs or arms and injured in abdomen or head. Military hospital had 300 beds but often more than 1500 patients were placed in it. Staff, generally women, worked day and night.
+Nadzeia Haurylauna said: “It was very good if had time to sleep at least 1 or 2 hours, but most of the time work went on round the clock”.
+She was assiduous, dedicated, responsible and hardy. That’s why she was appointed on the most difficult work: head nurse of the sanitary inspection room. Her duties were to receive the injured, debride theirs wounds, suture, plaster and bandage them. They need blood and drugs that always were in deficit. Nurses donated blood, even in spite of the fact that they fainted from overtime work.
+Martial life forced her to move from one front to another. She received her first war decoration in Tsihvin, near Leningrad. It was the medal “For Military Merit”. Nadzeia went through the war from the beginning to the end. She met Great Victory in Germany. But for military unit, in which she served, war didn’t over. It was sent to the Far East. It took one month to get there by train. They arrived in Krasnoyarsk and started to deploy a hospital. Everyone waited for new strong battles with the Japanese militarists: dug shelters, trenches, made them suitable for placing the injured.
+Fortunately, they got an order: “Return back!”
+After the war Nadzeia Haurylauna has been working as midwife and nurse in Yurevichi hospital for 40 years. She retired only in 72. All her life she helped people to be born, cured and to be health.
+===== Rotation of staff =====
+Nurse Iouchyk Varvara Vasileuna started to work in the hospital in autumn 1945. At 1 February 1946 she was fired, because she graduated nurse courses for working in kolkhozy. Kazlousaya Palina Kypryyanava started to work on her position.
+Feldsher Tsiarentsieva Nina left hospital in March 1946. She was moved in Kryshyki to work in the first-aid station. Deichyk Lubou Anufrieva (wife of Yushkevich) began to work as feldsher. Byldyk Lidzia Aliakseeuna was appointed as a nurse in Yurevichi hospital in 1 May 1946.
+At the end of October regional health department ordered Yushkevich to become a chief physician of Hoiniki regional hospital. Kosintser Iafim Maiseevich started to work at Yushkevich’s position at 1 November 1946. At the position on which worked his wife Shurko Lubou Siarheeuna was appointed.
+The former commissar of the Second Kalinkovichi guerrilla band Bialiai Iosif Mikitavich worked as a Yurevichi hospital household manager at this time.
+Feldsher Dalinchuk Fiodar Danilavich often executed chief physician duties when he was away. Dalinchuk was very experienced medical worker but at the same time he had a very big drawback – he liked a drink. That’s why he constantly was administrated rebukes and penalties.
+While drinking could cause only penalties, absenteeism could result in imprisonment. For example, the order №3 dated 15 January 1947 can be found in Hospital archive: “Stableman Makarchuk broke working discipline at 13 January 1947 – he left work and returned only at 15 January in the afternoon. It is 3-day truancy. For breaking working discipline give Makarchuk severe reprimand. The case must be passed to investigatory powers in order to be adduced to legal liability”. It is unknown what the result of this situation was, but in Stalin-ruled country Makarchuk could be judged even to exile.
+Anastasia Iaschanka
+Prewar nurse of Yurevichi hospital Iaschanka Anastasia Ivanauna returned in Yurevichi from the military forces at 28 March 1947. It is impossible not to say some words about her. She worked in the sphere of health care for 52 years. She retired only in 70.
+She was born in peasant’s family in Yurevichi in 22 December 1922. There were 7 children in the family. During her childhood she worked hard, but she found time for education. She studied with interest and diligence. After graduating 7-year school she decided to enter Mozyr medical school. In 1940 she graduated it, returned in Yurevichi and started to work.
+Anastasia Ivanauna said: “Yurevichi hospital was situated in the forest. It considered being comfortable. Hospital had its own ambulatory and laundry. Moreover it was a well near the hospital”.
+She was only 19 when the war began. After some days she was drafted and appointed as a nurse of 60th Guards Division of the First Byelorussian Front.
+Unexpectedly, representative of the most peaceful profession found herself on the battleground. It was no time to be afraid, because she must help the injured.
+Anastasia Ivanauna said: “We had only one thought: help the injured as quickly as possible, bandage them, stop a wound, and drag them out of the fire. Battles always were difficult. But after we entered German territory, especially Oder, nazists became crazy, they fought furiously. Bloody battles lasted day and night. It was almost impossible to count all of the injured and killed. Sometimes there was a need to do a blood transfusion directly on the surgical table. And we, military nurses donated our blood to help the injured”.
+She met a Great Victory on the Berlin outskirts where her military unit was stationed.
+Anastasia Ivanauna said: “We all cried. It was tears of happiness, we were glad that our enemy surrendered and that the war is over. We cried, because many of members of our families and friends were killed or died”.
+After the Great Victory her military unit was sent to the Baltic states, and health care workers were sent to town Shveryn. Anastasia looked for the paralyzed soldiers for 1.5 years after the war, because their injures were so bad, that it was impossible to send them to the Homeland.
+When she returned in Yurevichi, there was no hospital here. Collaborationists demolished the building and built defensive installations.
+So that, beds were placed in the private Jewish house, which owner was killed (as a majority of Jews in Yurevichi) during the war.
+Anastasia Ivanauna said: “In this house were only two rooms. The first was used as male hospital room, the second as female hospital room. Syringes were boiled on the Primus stove, water was boiled in boilers. It was a lack of drugs and bandaging materials, but we done all we could. Local people helped to rebuild hospital, purchased all necessary equipment. After some years new buildings were erected, very good medical institution has been created”.
+There are a lot of records of the nurse Anastasia Iaschanka and midwife Nadzeia Kupryenka (Tselesh) in Yurevichi hospital order book. All of them are positive. For example, the order №13 dated 30 April 1949 in which the head of the hospital wrote: “In connection with 1 May to be thanked officially first aid station administrator Dalinchuk F.D., midwifes Kurpyenka N.H., Valchanka H.A., disinfector Charnetskaia E.M., nurses Iashchanka A.I., Davydzenka E.A., Plyavaka Z.S., junior nurses Kazlouskaia S.P., Panhlish I.I, cook Butsenka M.T., hospital attendant Harchanka U.M.”.